JULIAN RHODES' DREAM ORGANS
This glossary includes definitions of the uncommon stop-names in the Liber Organum, except those already explained in the level-by-level introductions incorporated within the stoplist.These definitions reflect my own intentions for the various registers. They do not necessarily follow established usage. Locations given in brackets are of organs which contain a stop so labelled; in many cases they refer to ranks constructed differently and sounding differently from my definitions.
ACCORD (Atrium: Choir Piano Left) A gentle chorus mixture. The name is old French for a consonance or concord.
(St. Florian Abbey, Austria: Chrismann 1774)ADHARA (Corona: Accord Centre) A breathy, sweet open harmonic flute. The name means 'virgin' in Arabic. (New)
AEOLA (Corona: String Right) A keen toned but sweet viol. The name comes from the Greek wind-god Aeolus and is the root for the following four stops also.
(Branch St. Tabernacle, Lowell, Mass., USA: Emory Lane 1906)AEOLGAMBA (Median: Great Upper) A keen toned Gamba.
(Aeolscharfe (a string) - Salzburg Cathedral: reb. Mauracher junior 1914)AEOLINA (Corona: Great) A soft, keen-toned string of 2 ranks, tuned natural and sharp.
(Brooklyn Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, New York City: G. Jardine & Son 1890)AEOLOBOE (Median : Solo Right) A keen, thin-toned Oboe. (New)
AEOLODIKAN (Atrium: Positive Reed Chest Centre) A free-reed with a tone with colourful upper partials.
(Riga Cathedral, Latvia: Walcker 1885. Some sources spell the Riga stop as Aeolinodion or Aodolicon.)AEQUALE (Belvedere: Positive Left) A diapason. The name is from a Greek term meaning unison pitch.
(Aequalprincipal : Memorial Chapel, Valparaiso University, Indiana, USA: Schlicker 1965)AIRE (Aerial: Aire) A pure toned unda maris/flute hybrid of luminous quality. (New)
AK (Median: Swell Pleno) A loud, free toned brass-reed. The name means 'the eye' in ancient Egyptian. (New)
ALAMMAN (Belvedere: Soave Right) A gentle celeste-piffaro. The name is from the Arabic 'Al Hamman' and means 'the whisperer'. (New)
ALAMURU (Belvedere: Soave Left) A gentle celeste-piffaro contrasting with ALAMMAN (above). The name Muru is Arabic for 'bird'. (New)
ALBA (Corona: Barocco Orphic) A round toned gentle open flute. The name means 'white' in Latin.
(St. Florian Abbey, Austria: Chrismann 1774)ALBOQUEA (Atrium: Choir Forte Right) A reed of rich, plummy oboe quality, after the eponymous Basque reed-hornpipe instrument. (New)
ALCHARA (Aerial: Sonance) A quiet free-reed with a harmonic spectrum evoking a rich medieval bowed string. The name is derived from Arabic roots and was a term for a Phoenician Harp. (New)
ALDERZ (Belvedere: Soave Left) A keen toned narrow-scale celeste. (New)
ALPEN FLUTE (Aerial: Great) An open wood flute of clear, pure tone. (New)
ALPHORN (Corona: Harlequin Left) A mellow toned brass reed evoking the eponymous instrument, a wooden Swiss horn used by Strauss and Mahler. (New)
ALTHA (Belvedere: Soave Left) A quiet unison/quint chorus mixture. The name means 'mixture' in Arabic. (New)
ALTHORN (Median: Swell Left) The orchestral Alto Flugelhorn.
(West Point organ)ALTO (Belvedere: Great Right) A vox humana with one-third length resonators and a smooth, full, treble vocal timbre. (See also BARITONE). (New)
AMOROSA (Atrium: Dolcan Left) A gentle round toned flute. (New)
ANFAR (Belvedere: Recit) A free toned brass-reed, after the eponymous Arabic reed instrument. (New)
ANGUSTA (Atrium: Positive Right) A narrow-scale stopped metal flute of bright tone. In Latin 'angustus' means 'narrow'.
(Eger Cathedral, Hungary: Lajos Mooser 19th-century)ANTHROPOGLOSSA (Resonance: Eclat Left) A full toned imitative Vox Humana. The name means 'human speech' in Greek.
(Holy Trinity Lutheran, Buffalo, N.Y.: Moller 1986)APPLE REGAL (Corona: Barocco) A regal with spherical headed resonators. The 'Apfelregal' was mentioned by Praetorius in 1619.
(Apfelregal: Expo 70, Christl. Pavilion, Osaka, Japan: Klais 1970)AQUARIAN FLUTE (Corona: Great) A tapered open metal flute with a piquant harmonic spectrum. (New)
AQUARIE (Atrium: Positive Main Pedal) A harmonic metal flute with a clear, singing tone. The name is a 15th-century term for the constellation Aquarius. (New)
ARAPA (Atrium: Choir Piano Right) A gentle, thin toned string. The name is from the Teutonic 'Harapha', meaning a harp. (New)
ARCHLUTE (Atrium: Positive Main Pedal) A string and stopped-flute piffaro evoking the sound of the eponymous renaissance instrument. (New)
ARGUL (Atrium: Positive Reed Chests) A half-length reed of plummy, slightly rough Bassetto quality in evocation of the eponymous Middle-Eastern double-clarinet. (New)
ARPANETTA (Atrium: Positive Organetto) A delicate string evocative of the 17/18th-century double-dulcimer. (New)
ATHYR (Celestial: Pedal) A gentle chorus mixture. The name is an archaic spelling of 'Ether', the celestial realm; it is also the ancient Egyptian name for the planet Venus. (New)
ATORIA (Belvedere: Soave Right) A gentle chorus mixture including tierce harmonics. The name comes from the Arabic 'Al Thurayya', meaning 'several small parts'. (New)
AVEÇIR (Median: Swell Centre) A free toned, brilliant chorus reed. The name means 'coronet' in Persian. (New)
BACH FLUTE (Belvedere: Positive Right) A wood chimney flute of rich tone.
(Stadtischer Saalbau, Recklinghausen, Germany: Walcker 1926)BALABAN (Resonance: Main Pedal) A bold, free toned chorus reed, named after the eponymous Turkish/Persian cylindrical reed instrument. (New)
BARAKISH (Corona: Barocco) A solo compound stop of shining, polychromatic tone. The name means 'having: 1000 colours' in Arabic. (New)
BAREM (Belvedere: Positive Centre) A half-length reed, with a tone like a smooth, mellow Bärpfeife.
(a flue: Passau Cathedral: reb. Eisenbarth 1985)BARITONE (Belvedere: Great Right) A hybrid clarinet/vox humana with smooth, full timbre and tenor intonation.
(Cathedral of the Incarnation, Garden City, N.Y.: Roosevelt 1885)BARITONE OBOE (Resonance: Euphonic Right) An oboe with full, rich tenor intonation. (New)
BARREL REGAL (Corona: Barocco) A regal with resonators topped by a small 'barrel'. (New)
BARYPHONE (Corona: Accord Left) A free-reed with trumpet-type resonators and a mellow, baritone intonation. The name comes from Greek roots meaning 'heavy' and 'voice'.
(Bournemouth Pavilion: Compton 1929)BARYTON (Belvedere: Positive Left) A baroque string, rich and mellow toned, like the eponymous bass Viola d'Amore. The name comes from Greek words meaning 'heavy' and 'tone'. (New)
BASSANELLI (Resonance: Euphonic Right; and Belvedere: Main Pedal) A bassetto with two pipes per note giving a richly pungent timbre. The name comes from Werckmeister, and was used by him to describe a renaissance conical-bore shawm. (New)
BASSE A PISTON (Belvedere: Main Pedal) A bold, brassy chorus reed. The name is the French for a Euphoneum. (New)
BASSETTO DOPPIO (Corona: Harlequin Right) A bassetto with two pipes to each note (thus like the BASSANELLI above) but with a full, romantic tone. (New)
BASSO CORISTA (Belvedere: Main Pedal) An open wood flute of cantabile tone (see also FLAUTO CORISTA) (New)
BASSOPHONE (Median: Great Bombard Pedal) An open wood bass to the manual Magna-, Mezzo- and Minorphone on Great Bombard (see MAGNAPHONE). (New)
BAZUIN (Median: Great Left) The Flemish name for a fagotto/posaune chorus reed of mellow tone.
(Averbode Abbey, Belgium: Loret 1858)BEARDED GAMBA (Belvedere: Great Left) The 'beard', a flat piece of metal, is placed beneath the mouth of the pipe, ensuring promptness of speech.
("Specification for a colossal organ..." in "An outline of the structure of the pipe organ, designed for the general information of organists, church committees, and musical students" by W.H. Clarke, Boston 1877.)BEARPIPE (Median: Great Left) A Bärpfeife - a renaissance instrument and organ stop with a timbre between the pungency of the Krummhorn and the smoother Dulzian. The name means 'bear pipe'.
(St. Maria, Bernau: Scherer 1572)BELL FLUTE (Median: Solo Left) A Flute a Pavilion, i.e. a cylindrical metal body surmounted conical 'bells'. Here, a sweet, clear, slightly horny timbre. (New)
BELL PIPE (Median: Great Lower) Like the Flute a Pavilion (see BELL FLUTE) but with conical bodies, giving a reedier intonation. (New)
BIFFARO II (Corona: Great) A stop of diapason construction with two pipes per note. It reinforces the diapason chorus.
(The name is from Gabler: 'Piffaro' (1.8.8.15.15) at Weingarten 1750, and 'Biffaro' (flute celeste) at Ochsenhausen 1733)BIFRA (Atrium: Positive Reed Chests) A short-length reed with a soft, throaty timbre.
(a flue: St. Paul, Frankfurt: Walcker 1855)BIGEARE (Corona: Great) A half-length reed with a piquant, rather plummy tone and ovoid resonators. (New)
BLOCK BOURDON (Belvedere: Great Right) A bold, woody, beaky stopped flute. (New)
BOË (Corona: Barocco) A quiet, smooth regal. The name is Portuguese.
(Sao Vincente de Fora, Portugal, c.1700)BOMBEGGI (Corona: Great) A full toned, foundational chorus reed. The name comes from Latin and refers to military ordnance.
(Bombeggi Bassi: St. Florian Abbey, Austria: Chrissman 1774)BOXPIPE (Corona: Accord Right) A regal with a cylindrical resonator surmounted by a small pierced cube, rather in the manner of the APPLE REGAL (q.v.) The tone is muted and rattling. (New)
BRACCIA (Median: Solo Left) A rich toned string stop with resonant upper partials, after the renaissance instrument, the Viola da Braccia.
(Viol d'Braca: P.P. Emerson Richards, Atlantic City, U.S.A.: Aeolian-Skinner 1946)BRASS BUGLES (Resonance: Grand Chorus Left) A bright, free toned chorus reed with brass resonators.
(There is a bugle with brass resonators at Atlantic City Convention Hall)BRASS CLARINO (Corona: Harlequin Left) A trumpet-like, brassy chorus reed with brass resonators. (New)
BRASS CORNET (Median: Solo Left) Imitating the eponymous instrument, and thus less free toned than a Trumpet. (New)
BROAD QUINTONE (Corona: Great) see QUTNTONE.
BRONZE FLUTE (Resonance: Euphonic Right) A richly harmonic, open metal flute, named after the Etruscan instrument. (New)
BRUMMBASS (Belvedere: Positive Right) A wooden quintatön.
(Riverside Church, New York City: Aeolian-Skinner 1954)BUGLE (Atrium: Positive Right) A fiery toned chorus reed. See also BRASS BUGLE.
BUKKINA (Atrium: Positive Right) Evoking the brassy, horny sound of the eponymous Roman brass instrument.
(Buccina: Calvary Church, Charlotte, N.C.: Moller 1990)BURI (Atrium: Positive Pedal) A brassy chamada reed, named after the eponymous 16' Mongolian temple trumpets. (New)
BUSINE (Belvedere: Positive Pedal) A free toned, rich chorus reed, named after the eponymous flared medieval trumpet. (New)
CACCIA (Corona: Barocco Pedal) Octave to the 16ft. Pungi (q.v.). A bucolic, pungent Cor Anglais with 1/2-length resonators. The name means 'chase' in Italian. (New)
CALCEDONIA (Belvedere: Soave Right) A fagotto voiced to give the thin but resonant sound of the eponymous Alto Bassoon. (New)
CALF REGAL (Atrium: Positive Left) The renaissance stop Kalbregal: a gently bleating treble voice. (New)
CAMINO (flue) (Median: Great Left & Right) The Italian term for a chimney flute. The name means 'chimney' in Italian.
(Flauto Camino: Church of the Holy Communion, South Orange, New Jersey: Moller c.1930)CAMINO (reed) (Atrium: Choir Piano Right) A moderately quiet smooth clarinet with chimneyed/capped pipes. (New)
CAMPANA (Median: Swell Pleno) A smooth, bright-toned clarion reed. The name means 'campaign' in Spanish.
(Clarin de Campana: Emperor's Organ, Toledo Cathedral: Gaytan 1549)CANORA (Belvedere: Positive Left) An open metal string register of 18th-century German type, i.e. very mild and fairly neutral-toned. 'Canorus' is Latin and means 'song'.
(Fistula Canora: Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Buffalo, N.Y.: Moller 1986)CANTABILE (Median: Soave Pedal; and Resonance: Euphonic Left) An open metal flue of gently neutral diapason tone. (New)
CAPPED BASSOON (Median: Swell Left) A gentle toned bassoon with capped resonators, muting the harmonic spectrum.
(Capped Oboe: Wanamaker Organ)CARESSA (Atrium: Positive Left) A warm, neutral toned dolce. (New)
CASCADE (Median: Solo Centre) A silvery, seamless, unassertive piffaro mixture. (New)
CELESTE VIOL (Aerial: Aire) A sweet-toned viol.
(Celeste Aeolian : West Point)CELESTINA (Celestial: Astral) A wood flute of open construction, narrow scale and a gentle, pure, luminous tone.
(prepared for at Liverpool Cathedral: Willis III, 1912 stoplist)CEMBALO REGAL (Corona: Barocco) A thin, brittle-toned regal. 'Cembalo' means 'harpsichord' in Italian.
(St. Elisabeth, Stuttgart: Rieger 1959)CHALUMEAU À CHEMINÉE (Atrium: Choir Chorus Centre) A chalumeau with capped and pierced resonators, giving a special pungency to the tone. The Rohr Schalmei.
(Philadelphia Academy of Music: Aeolian-Skinner 1960)CHAMOIS (Atrium: Positive Chamois) A gemshorn voiced to evoke the mild, reedy tone of the renaissance instrument.
(Cor à Chamois: Palacio Nacional, Barcelona Exposition 1929: Walcker)CHARON (Resonance: Euphonic Pedal) A thin, earthy toned woodwind reed evoking the sound of the medieval bagpipe. (New)
CHEST FLUTE (Belvedere: Recit) A wide-scale stopped metal flute with a dark, slightly rough tone. See also GROB FLUTE. (New)
CHIARINA (Corona: Accord Right) A fairly mild, thin-toned trumpet.
(Messina Cathedral: Tamburini 1948)CHIFFONY (Atrium: Positive Pedal) A medieval name for a SYMPHONY (q.v.); here, it is a pedal bass to the Symphony register on Positive Left. (New)
CHORALBRASS (Atrium: Choir Chorus Centre) A mellow, vocal toned brass-reed.
(St. Cross Episcopal, Hermosa Beach, CA: Wicks 1980)CHORAL DIAPASON (Atrium: Choir Chorus Centre) A round toned, vocal diapason.
(Larkin Administration Building, Buffalo, NY: Moller c1930)CHORUS MUTATION (Median: Great Bombard) see MUTATION.
CHORUS VOXES II (Resonance: Vox) A neutral toned vox humana, adding body and volume to the chorus. (New)
CHROMELODEON (Median: Solo Centre) A rich, colourful piffaro; a Joseph's Coat of harmonics. The name is that of the 1930s experimental electronic instrument. (New)
CIGAR FLUTE (Belvedere: Recit) A bright, round-toned chimney flute.
(St. John's Presbyterian, Berkeley, CA: Brombaugh 1979)CIMBASSO (Atrium: Positive Pedal) A strong round-toned brass reed, named after the Italian bass tuba. (New)
CIUFFOLI DI PRIMAVERA (Corona: Accord Centre) A sweet-toned open flute with two pipes to each note. The name comes from the Italian 'Ciufolotto' meaning 'finch', and 'Primavera' meaning 'spring'.
(The eponymous stop at St. Florian (Chrissman 1774) was at 8ft. pitch, the two ranks being an open flute and a dulciana.)CIUFFOLI PROTEI (Belvedere: Recit) A 2ft. chimney flute. 'Protego' means 'covered' in Italian.
(The eponymous stop at St. Florian (Chrissman 1774) comprised 12th and 17th.)CLARIANA (Aerial: Great) A clear-toned, quite gentle brass-reed.
(As a string - Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Mobile, Al.: Jardine 1858)CLARIN DEL MAR (Belvedere: Positive Right) A vertical brass-reed of thin, bright tone.
(Lérida Cathedral: Tellez 1544)CLARINET PILEATA (Resonance: Eclat Left) A clarinet with capped resonators and a full but harmonically muted tone. 'Pileata' means 'covered' in Latin. (New)
CLARINETTE À PAVILLON (Corona: Accord Centre) A clarinet with resonators surmounted by flared bells (like the Flûte à Pavillon) and a harmonically rich timbre.
(Shadyside Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA: Moller 1990)CLARISSA (Atrium: Positive Right) A luminous, warm toned flute/unda maris. (New)
CLARONE (Corona: Accord Left) A gently brassy, bright chorus reed. The stop is 18th-century Venetian, and also appeared earlier at:
(S. Maria Asunta: Hermans 1657-60)CLAVEOLINE (Belvedere: Main Pedal) A thin, stringy toned free-reed. Named after the eponymous mouth-organ c1820.
(Esztergom Cathedral, Hungary: Mooser 19th-century)CLAVICYTHERIUM (Resonance: Euphonic Left) A free-reed of delicate tone with a bright edge to the sound. This name was given to both the 15th & 16th-century upright harpsichord and to the medieval keyed harp. (New)
CLAVIMONOCHORDON (Belvedere: Positive Right) A string with a strong, piquant tone evoking the harmonic spectrum of the clavichord; this is a renaissance name for the instrument. (New)
COLASCIONE (Belvedere: Positive Pedal) A string register evoking the timbre of the Italian metal-strung long necked lute. (New)
COMPENSUM (Corona: Barocco) An open metal flute with two neutral toned ranks.
(Esztergom and Eger Cathedrals, Hungary: Mooser 19th-century)CONCERTINA (Corona: Main Pedal) A loud free-reed evoking the eponymous instrument. (New)
CONCERTO FLAUTI (Belvedere: Positive Centre) A two or three rank stop comprising open, conical and harmonic metal and wood flutes.
(S. Niccolo l'Arena, Catania, Sicily: Piano 1755. This was an eight-rank stop with four 8ft. and four 4ft. flutes, of various pipe constructions, on a single drawstop.)CONOCLYTE (Belvedere: Recit) A free-reed with conical tin resonators and a mild, reedy timbre. The name comes from Greek words meaning 'name' and 'I hear'.
(Beauvais Cathedral, 1827-9)CONUS (Belvedere: Positive Right) A neutral toned conical flute. The name means 'cone' in Latin. (New)
COPPER TRUMPET (Atrium: Positive Right) A plangent, bright trumpet with copper resonators.
(Kupfertrompete: New College Chapel, Oxford: Grant, Degens & Bradbeer 1969)COR ALLEMAND (Resonance: Main Pedal) A mellow, horn-like chorus reed. The name was an 18th-century term for the French Horn.
(St. Vaast, Arras, 1585 - a flue cornet)COR À PAEAN (Median: Solo Left) A full toned, rather horny brass reed. The name is derived from 'corno a paean', horn of praise, the root of the familiar 'cornopean'.
('Jauchzend Pfeife': Kreuzkirche, Dresden: Jemlich 1962)COR À PAVILLON (Resonance: Main Pedal) A loud, brassy horn, the resonators surmounted by flared bells (like the Flûte à Pavillon).
(Cornet à Pavillons: St. Denis Abbey: Cavaillé-Coll 1841)COR DE PAIX (Atrium: Choir Chorus Centre) A chamade horn with golden coloured resonators and a full but fairly unassertive tone. The name means 'horn of peace' in French. (New)
COR DI LEGNO (Belvedere: Recit) A mellow, round toned Cor Anglais with wooden resonators. 'Legno' means 'wood' in Italian.
(Corno di Legno: S. Martino della Scale: Grassa, c1780)COR D'ORCHESTRE (Median: Solo Left) A brilliantly toned romantic trumpet - not an orchestral horn.
(St. Paul's Episcopal, Akron, OH: Moller 1952)COR MELANCOLIQUE (Aerial: Aire) A dark-toned muted Cor d'Amour. (New)
CORNAMUSA (Belvedere: Eclat Right) A loud, fiery, thin toned chorus reed. The name is that of the medieval bagpipe.
(Messina Cathedral: Tamburini 1948)CORNE SYLVESTRE (Belvedere: Recit) A gentle, velvety toned Cor d'Amour. The name is French for 'forest horn'. (New)
CORNET D'HARMONIE (Resonance: Euphonic Right) A refined, sweet toned cornet/trumpet.
(Cor d'Harmonie: Shadyside Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA: Moller 1990)CORNETTO (Corona: Great) A round toned horn with wooden resonators. (New)
CORNO AMOROSA (Median: Solo Right) A horn with wooden resonators and a soft, melodic tone.
(Corno d'Amore: St. Matthew's Lutheran, Hannover, PA: Austin 1931)CORNO DA CACCIA (Resonance: Euphonic Right) A bucolic, bubbly horn with wooden resonators.
(S. Pietro, Trapani: La Grassa c.1780)CORNO DI CAMOSCIO (Corona: Barocco and Barocco Pedal) A tapered flute/string hybrid, a hollow toned gemshorn, for which register this is the Italian name.
(Pontificio Istituto di Musica Sacra, Rome: Mascioni 1931)CORNO DI NOTTE (flue) (Atrium: Choir Pedal) A rich, dark toned Cor de Nuit.
(Milan Cathedral: Tamburini & Mascioni 1938)CORNO DI NOTTE (reed) (Atrium: Choir Piano Left) A woodwind reed with capped, pierced resonators and a gentle, muted Saxophone timbre.
(Cor de Nuit (reed): Chattanooga Auditorium: Austin 1925)CORNU (Belvedere: Soave Right) A quiet, harmonically rich horn, after the eponymous Roman instrument.
(St. John, Torquay: Hill 1873)CORNUS (Atrium: Organetto) A free-toned, gentle brass-horn. (New)
CORO CANTANTE (Corona: Harlequin Left) Like the VOCE CORALE (q.v.) but more forthright; a piffaro evoking human voices. (New)
COR PASTORALE (Corona: Accord Left) A Cor Anglais with wooden resonators and a mild timbre. (New)
COR PERCÉ (Belvedere: Soave Left) A clarinet with stopped, pierced resonators and vocal, rather muted tone. (New)
COR SYLVESTRE (Celestial: Ethereal & Main Pedal) An echo Waldhorn. 'Sylvestre' means 'of the forest' in French. (New)
CORTOLT (Median: Piano Right) A thin-toned, restrained Bassetto. (New)
COURONNE (Corona: Great) A high-pitched chorus mixture. The name is French for 'corona' or 'crown'.
(St. Peter's Episcopal, Bronx, New York: Gluck 1988)CRYSTAL CLARIONS (Median: Solo Centre) A 3-rank stop of full, pure toned glass/crystal flutes. (New)
CRYSTAL FLUTE (Atrium: Positive Left) An open glass/crystal flute with a cool, luminous timbre. (New)
CZACKAN (Median: Solo Right) A pure-toned open Blockflöte, evoking the timbre of the eponymous 19th-century keyed recorder.
(Czackanflöte: Marienkirche, Lubeck: Schulze 1854)DEZIMA (Belvedere: Positive Right) A harmonic colouring mixture comprising two ranks, a conical 18th and a stopped 20th.
(Braunschweig Dom: Schuke 1962)DIDGERIDU (Corona: Harlequin Left & Right) A multi-rank free-reed evoking the eponymous aboriginal instrument. (New)
DIVINARE (Aerial: Sonance) A gentle fluty diapason of silky, veiled tone. The name means 'to prophesy' or 'to divine', from the Italian.
(Holy Trinity Lutheran, Buffalo, NY: Moller 1986)DODECACHORDON (Atrium: Positive Left) A 12-rank piffaro; see MONOCHORDON. (New)
DOLCE MELOS (Celestial: Pedal) A gentle, warm toned Dolce. The name 'Dulce Melos' is that of a 15th-century string instrument. (New)
DOLCETTE (Belvedere: Recit) A harmonic flute of narrow scale and warm, open tone.
(Clarke op. cit.)DOLCIAN (Median: Swell Left) A woodwind reed with half-length resonators shaped as a cone surmounted by a cylinder. The tone is gentle and fairly soft, with a trace of nasal 'buzz'.
(Many variants in 17th to 19th-century organs)DOLCISSIMO (Atrium: Dolce Left) A thin, sweet-toned Dolce.
(Second Presbyterian, Chicago: Johnson 1873)DOLKAN (Atrium: Positive Left) Constructed like the DOLCIAN (q.v.) but with pavilions surmounting the resonators. A mellow, stringy sound.
(Many variants in 17th to 19th-century organs)DOPPEL REGAL (Atrium: Positive Reed Chorus) A two-rank regal with a complex, rich tone.
(As a 16ft. (i.e. 'double') stop: Marienkirche, Lubeck: Kemper 1968)DUDELSACK (Belvedere: Positive Left & Right) A thin, hard toned woodwind reed evoking the medieval bagpipe.
(St. Laurentius, Nuremberg: Steinmeyer 1937)DULCINA FLUTE (Atrium: Dolce Right) A stop comprising one rank each of dolce and open flute pipes. (New)
DULCINETTE (Atrium: Dolce Right) A very narrow-scale Dolce with a thin but gentle timbre.
(Atlantic City Convention Hall)DULZAINA (Atrium: Dolce Right) A half-length reed of mellow buzzing timbre; a Spanish DOLCIAN (q.v.)
(Salamanca Cathedral: Chauarria 1744)DULZINA (Corona: Accord Centre) A dulciana mixture.
(Ulm Minster: Walcker 1930)DULZ KLARON (Corona: Great) A chorus reed with resonators like a DOLCIAN (q.v.) and a round, woody timbre. (New)
DULZKURTALL (Median: Swell Right) A curtal with a buzzy edge to the timbre and resonators shaped like the DOLCIAN (q.v.). (New)
DULZPIPE (Median: Great Left) A quiet, buzzy-toned DOLCIAN (q.v.). (New)
DULZSORDONE (Median: Piano Right) A Sordun with extended resonators shaped like a DOLCIAN (q.v.). (New)
DUNAY (Aerial: Aire) A woodwind reed with a hard, woody timbre evoking the eponymous Persian double-reed instrument. (New)
DUNKEL TROMPAS (Atrium: Positive Pedal) A dark toned ('dunkel') bass to the Trompas and other reeds on the manual divisions.
(Dunkeltrompete: St. Georg, Tübingen: Wiegle 1965)EAR REGAL (Corona: Barocco) A regal with a resonator shaped like the canals of the ear as illustrated in Wedgwood, 1905. (New)
ECHEQUIER (Resonance: Euphonic Right) A free-reed with 1/8-lengh resonators and a buzzy timbre evocative of the eponymous medieval clavichord, thus complementing the CLAVICYTHERIUM on Euphonic Left. (New)
E CHO (Median: Solo Centre) A stopped flute of perky, bird-like timbre. The name is an Anglicisation of the Chinese for 'curious sparrow'. (New)
EGG REGAL (Atrium: Positive Right) A regal with resonators shaped like short narrow cylinders surmounted by an egg. A round and mellow tone. (New)
EGYPTIAN HORN (Median: Solo Left) A reed with brass resonators and a wild, free tone.
(Atlantic City Convention Hall)EOLIAN (Atrium: Dolce Right) A delicate, silvery string.
(Éolienne: Mutin proposal for St. Peter, Vatican City c.1915)EOLIAN HARP (Atrium: Choir Piano Left) A delicate string piffaro evoking the eponymous instrument: "a delicate-toned string instrument designed to fit in a window frame for exposure to the wind, the effect of the wind blowing athwart the strings being to reproduce the sweet music of a distant string band" (Bonavia-Hunt: Modern Organ Stops, London 1923).
(First Congregational, Los Angeles: Muench 1992)EOLPIPE (Median: Great Right) A half-length woodwind reed of quiet, gently plaintive tone. (New)
ETHERIA (Celestial: Ethereal) A soft chorus mixture.
(Nikolaikirche, Freiburg, Switzerland: Wolf-Giusto 1912)EUFONIO (Belvedere: Main Pedal) A brass-reed with a broad, warm tone at mezzo-forte level. The name is an Italian term for the euphoneum.
(S. Croce, Firenze: Tamburini 1931)EUPHONE (Corona: Accord Centre) A very gentle brass horn with a timbre resembling the round, muted sound of the eponymous 19th-century instrument with glass resonators. The name comes from Greek words meaning 'good' and 'sound'.
(Passau Cathedral: Steinmeyer 1928)FABERPIPE (Median: Great Right) A quarter-length woodwind reed with capped & pierced resonators and an unusually rich, bright and rather acidic harmonic spectrum. The German 'faber' mean a bell. (New)
FABRI (Corona: Barocco) A harmonic colouring mixture. The name means 'made' in Latin, i.e. a synthesised tone colour.
(Tonus Fabri: Kreuzkirche, Dresden: Jemlich 1962)FAGUS (flue) (Resonance: Euphonic Right) A wooden string with a gentle, earthy tone. The name means 'beech tree' in Latin. (New)
FAGUS (reed) (Atrium: Positive Pedal) A bassoon with wooden resonators and a hollow tone. The Latin 'fagus' (beech tree) is the root of 'fagotto'. (New)
FALSETTI (Corona: Barocco) A high-pitched open flute. The name refers to head-voice male singing in a high register.
(Falsetti Dolce: St. Florian Abbey, Austria: Chrissman 1774)FARBERCIMBALO (Atrium: Positive Organetto) A high-pitched colouring mixture. 'Farber' means 'colouring' or 'tint' in German. (New)
FAUXBASS (Corona: Great) A low-pitched stopped flute. The name has the same derivation as the medieval musical term Fauxbourdon, and means a low voice. (New)
FERN FLUTE (Aerial: Aire) An open wood flute with an oblong 'flachflöte' plan and a gentle, breathy timbre. This name is widely used.
FIELD FLUTE (Resonance: Euphonic Left) An open metal flute with circular mouths and a gentle, sweet timbre. The name comes from the German 'feldpfeife', a 'pastoral pipe', and is familiar in German organs.
FIELDHORN (Corona: Harlequin Right) A brass reed of moderate power, like a free-toned French Horn. For the derivation of the name, see FIELD TRUMPET. (New)
FIELD TRUMPET (Corona: Harlequin Left) A powerful romantic brass-reed of smooth tone. The name is from the German 'feldtrompete', a battle or military trumpet.
(Atlantic City Convention Hall)FIFRE PERCÉ (Corona: Great) A full toned 2ft. chimney flute. The name refers to the pierced stoppers. (New)
FLAUTA BASCA (Atrium: Choir Chorus Centre) An open wood flute with circular plan and mouth. The timbre is warm and gentle.
(Bel Arts Palace, Barcelona: Amezua 1888)FLAUTA BELLICA (Corona: Accord Right) A bubbly, bright toned stopped metal flute. 'Bellica' is a diminutive of 'bella'.
(Sao Bento da Vitoria, Porto, Portugal: anon. c1780)FLAUTADO (Corona: Accord Left) The usual Spanish name for a principal; unforced, gentle and transparent in tone.
FLAUTA FLAMENCA (Belvedere: Positive Centre) An open harmonic wood flute with a breathy, soloistic timbre. (New)
FLAUTA TAPADA (Atrium: Choir Forte Right) A tapered chimney flute with a bright, cantabile timbre. 'Tapada' means 'stopped' in Spanish, and the name is familiar in Spanish organs.
FLAUTA TRABESERA (Belvedere: Positive Main Pedal) An harmonic wood flute evoking the sound of the 18th-century traverse flute.
(Malaga Cathedral: Orden 1781)FLAUT FISTEL (Corona: Barocco Pedal) A breathy toned open wood flute. 'Fistula' means 'pipe' or 'tube'.
(Flauta Fistula: Lund Cathedral, Sweden: Strand 1836)FLAUTO ALLEMAND (Belvedere: Positive Pedal) A wood harmonic flute. (New)
FLAUTO ANGELICO (Aerial: Sonance) A gentle stopped metal flute with the octave and, less prominently, the 12th emphasised in the timbre.
(Holy Communion, South Orange, NJ: Moller c1930)FLAUTO AVERNA (Belvedere: Positive Pedal) A low-pitched stopped flute. For the derivation of the name, see the notes to Avernus level. (New)
FLAUTO BECCO (Belvedere: Positive Left) An open wood flute of circular plan and recorder tone. The name is derived from the Italian term for 'recorder'.
(Flauto a Becco: Garden Grove Community Church, CA: Ruffatti 1974)FLAUTO BOSCHERECCIO (Atrium: Choir Forte Left) An open wood flute of gently oily tone. 'Boschereccio' means 'sylvan' in Italian.
(S. Pietro, Trapani: Grassa c1780)FLAUTO COMMUNE (Atrium: Choir Forte Left) A harmonic koppel flute. 'Commune' comes from a Latin verb meaning 'to bind' or 'to bring together'. This stop is the octave to the 8ft. Flauto Harmonico.
(St. Florian Abbey, Austria: Chrissman 1774)FLAUTO COPERTO (Atrium: Choir Forte Left) A full toned stopped wood flute. 'Coperto' means 'stopped' in Italian.
(S. Maria in Ara Coeli, Rome: Benvenuti 1585)FLAUTO CORISTA (Belvedere: Soave Left) A harmonic open wood flute of melodious, vocal quality. 'Corista' means 'chorister' in Italian.
(S. Pietro, Trapani: Grassa c1780)FLAUTO CUSPIDA (Median: Piano Left) A square-plan, tapered open wood flute. 'Cuspidatus' means 'pointed' in Latin.
(Auditorio Pio XII, Rome: Tamburini c1935)FLAUTO DI PAN (Corona: Harlequin Left) An open wood flute evoking the breathy timbre of the pan-pipe.
(Panflöte: Lund Cathedral, Sweden: Strand 1836)FLAUTO DI VOCE (Atrium: Choir Forte Left) A cylindrical tapered open wood rank evoking the sound of the tenor recorder, the 'voice flute'.
(Opstandelseskirken, Albertslund, Denmark: Frobenius 1991)FLAUTO DOLCAN (Atrium: Dolce Right) An open metal flute; the pipes are surmounted by inverted-conical bells, and the timbre is rich and quiet. (New)
FLAUTO HEMIOL (Belvedere: Positive Centre) A gently sweet spitzflöte which blends with the 8ft. Salicionale and the 8ft. Flauta Flamenca. 'Hemiol' is derived from east European roots and means 'delicate'.
(St. Florian Abbey, Austria: Chrissman 1774)FLAUTO IN SELVA (Atrium: Choir Forte Left) A quiet open wood flute, octave to the 8ft. Flauto Boschereccio. 'Selva' means 'forest' in Italian.
(Milan Cathedral: Tamburini & Mascioni, 1938)FLAUTO MAGICO (Median: Great Right) A harmonic open wood flute of clear, bright tone.
(St. Mark, Barrow in Furness: Brindley & Foster c1914)FLAUTO MIRABILIS (Corona: Harlequin Left) A double-harmonic open metal flute having extreme fullness, smoothness and pureness of tone. 'Mirabilis' means 'wonderful' in Latin. A stop of this name was a favourite of E.M. Skinner.
FLAUTO MISTICO (Corona: Great) A tapered chimney flute of quiet, veiled timbre.
(St. Matthew's Lutheran, Hannover, PA: Austin 1931)FLAUTO OCCLUSA (Atrium: Choir Forte Right) A chimneyed spitz flute, octave to the Flauto Tapada. 'Occlusa' means 'covered' in Latin. This is an 18th-century stop name.
FLAUTO PUNTO (Belvedere: Positive Pedal) A spitzflute of clear, sweet tone. 'Punto' means 'a point' in Italian.
(Flauta do Punto: Sao Roque, Lisbon: Machado 1784)FLAUTO REX (Median: Solo Centre) A large-scale full toned harmonic wood flute. 'Rex' means 'king' in Latin.
(Tibia Rex: Atlantic City Convention Hall)FLAUTO SONORA (Median: Great Bombard) A large-scale open metal harmonic flute with a big, penetrating tone. (New)
FLAUTO STOPPO (Median: Great Bombard) A large-scale stopped metal flute.
(S. Maria Maggiore, Trent: Serassi 1827)FLAUTO TEDESCA (Atrium: Choir Forte Right) A gentle toned harmonic wood flute. 'Tedesca' means 'German' in Italian.
(St. Peter, Vatican City: Priori c1780)FLEBILICE (Aerial: Sonance) A Cor d'Amour of round, mournful tone. 'Flebile' means 'weeping' in Italian.
(Voce Flebile: San Vittorio, Varese: Bernasconi & Figlio 1905)FLEXATONE (Corona: Main Pedal) A 'wailing' free-reed stop, named after the eponymous 19th-century glissando percussion instrument. (New)
FLICORNE (Corona: Accord Right) A brass-reed of mellow, horny timbre. The name is the Italian term for the Flugelhorn.
(Flicorno: Immacolata, Genoa: Trice 1890)FLUTE BOHÈME (Belvedere: Main Pedal) A neutral toned metal harmonic flute. The name means 'bohemian flute' in French, and refers to the eponymous instrument. (New)
FLUTE COURTE (Resonance: Eclat Left) A stopped flute of pure, 'normal' tone. 'Courte' means 'short' in French; thus the half-length stopped pipe.
(Philharmonic Hall, Lincoln Center, New York: Aeolian-Skinner 1961)FLUTE DE CHANSON (Corona: Accord Right) An open metal flute of sweet, singing quality. The name means 'song flute' in French.
(Johnson Ferry Baptist, Mareietta, GA: Allen 1989)FLUTE DE CHASSE (Corona: Accord Right) A open metal flute with a full-bodied timbre, octave to the 8ft. Flute de Chanson. 'Chasse' means 'hunt' or 'chase' in French. (New)
FLUTE D'OR (Belvedere: Great Left) A large scale metal harmonic flute with warm, luminous timbre. The name means 'golden flute' in French. (New)
FLUTE DU VENT (Corona: Accord Right) A breathy, whispery toned wooden harmonic flute. The name means 'wind flute' in French. (New)
FLUTE FONDAMENTALE (Resonance: Eclat Right) A foundational wood harmonic flute. The name means 'fundamental flute' in French. This stop-name appeared in organs by Brindley & Foster c1900-20.
FORTURA (Belvedere: Positive Centre) A three-rank flute mixture. The derivation of the name is obscure.
(Maria-Steinbach: Gabler 1755-9)FUGARI (Corona: Barocco) A string register in the 18th-century German style; gentle and mild, slightly reedy.
(Ochsenhausen: Gabler 1733)FUNNEL FLUTE (Resonance: Grand Chorus Left) An open metal flute with inverted conical resonators, i.e. a spillflute. The tone here is rich and slightly horny.
(Trichterflöte: St. Katharinen, Hamburg: Kemper 1962)FUNNEL REGAL (Atrium: Positive Right) The German Trichterregal, which has resonators shaped like a cone surmounted by an inverted cone. The harmonic spectrum is piquantly rich. This stop name is familiar in German organs.
GANASSI (Atrium: Choir Forte Right) An open wood flute evoking the forthright tone of the renaissance recorders by the eponymous instrument maker. (New)
GEIGEN KURTALL see KURTALL
GEMSCELESTE (Corona: Accord Left) A two rank undulant of gemshorn pipes forming a shimmering, bright celeste. (New)
GEMSLEINE (Median: Piano Pedal) A small-scale, sprightly toned gemshorn.
(Emerson Richards residence, Atlantic City, NJ: Aeolian-Skinner 1954)GERMAN FLUTE (Resonance: Euphonic Left) A hollow toned harmonic wood flute. The name is an 18th-century one for the traverse flute.
(St. Lawrence, North Wingfield, Derbys.: Lloyd 1890)GLOCKENPFEIFE (Corona: Accord Centre) A metal quintadena with a bright tone and well developed harmonics; less assertive and more bell-like than the Hope-Jones stop.
(Branch Street Tabernacle, Lowell, Mass.: Emory Lane 1906)GOAT HORN (Median: Great Left) A round-toned, neutral gemshorn, less warm than the Positive Chamois and the Swell registers. The name is a transliteration of 'gemshorn'. (New)
GOTHIC DIAPASON (Corona: Great) A diapason of statuesque, richly colourful tonality. (New)
GRAVO (Belvedere: Positive Right) A low-pitched stopped flute. The name is Dutch for 'low'.
(William Weaver II residence, New York: Gluck 1990)GROAPERIKE (Corona: Main Pedal) A brass Voz Viejos with resonators shaped like a double bulb, and a gruff, slightly croaky vocal tone. The name means 'grandfather' in the language of the Abipones of Paraguay. (New)
GROB FLUTE (Median: Great Bombard) A strong, rough-toned Tibia. 'Grob' means 'rough' in German.
(Grobflöte: St. Marien, Lubeck: Kemper 1968)GRUMHORN (Median: Swell Left). A pungent, rough-toned Krummhorn; this name is an archaic German spelling.
(Kath. Pfarrkirche, Oberlahnstein: Stumm 1742)GRUNGE (Resonance: Eclat Left) A croaking quarter-length Krummhorn. (New)
HARAPHA (Atrium: Choir Forte Right) A gentle, warm toned piffaro comprising string and narrow-scale open flutes. This is an old Teutonic name for the constellation Lyra. (New)
HARFEN DIAPASON (Median: Great Bombard) A mellow, stringy diapason.
(Harfenprinzipal: Festaal, Deutsches Museum, Munich: Steinmeyer 1938)HARMONICA (Belvedere: Soave Left) A free-reed evoking the plaintive sounds of the eponymous instrument. 'Harmonica' was used to label open flutes in 19th-century German and British organs.
HARMONIUM (Corona: Harlequin Left) A free-reed register voiced in imitation of the eponymous instrument. Wedgwood (1905) listed this stop, but gave no examples.
HARPIPE (Belvedere: Great Right) A half-length reed with a thin, gently stringy timbre. Various regals were called by names like this from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
HAUTBOIS CLAUSA (Median: Swell Right) An oboe with capped resonators muting the tone, which is similar to that of the 18th-century oboe.
(Capped Oboe: Wanamaker organ, Philadelphia)HECKEL CLARINET / HECKEL MUSETTE (Resonance: Eclat Right) The prefix indicates a full, harmonically rich tone. From the 19th-century German bass oboe, the Heckelphone. (New)
HECKELPHONE (Resonance: Grand Chorus Left) A trumpet of full, rich tone. the name is that of the 19th-century German bass oboe, but was used in romantic American organs to label a brass-reed.
(St. Matthew's Lutheran, Hannover, PA: Austin 1931)HELL FLUTE (Aerial: Great) A clean and pure-toned open metal flute. 'Hell' means 'clear' in German.
(Hellflöte: Congress Hall, Nuremburg: Walcker 1936)HEXACHORDON (Atrium: Positive Left) A six-rank MONOCHORDON (q.v.) (New)
HIERODOFONO (Belvedere: Positive Centre) A firm-toned, foundational wooden diapason The name comes from Greek words meaning 'sacred' and 'sound'.
(Sevilla Cathedral: Amezua 1902)HOBO CACCIA (Atrium: Positive Right) A bucolic, pungent baroque oboe. This polyglot name includes the Dutch term for an oboe and the Italian word for a chase or hunt.
(Oboe da Caccia: Ampleforth Abbey, Yorks.: Walker 1960)HOHLPFEIFE (Belvedere: Recit) A stopped harmonic metal flute with a hollow, slightly quinty tone.
(Paulskirche, Frankfurt: Walcker 1838)HOLUNDER (Belvedere: Great Right) An open wood flute with a hollow, slightly hard tone. The name is a baroque variant of the Hohlpfeife.
HORA (Atrium: Positive Reed Chests) A reed with a round, hollow tone, evoking the sound of the eponymous Japanese shell-trumpet. (New)
HORN (flue) (Resonance: Eclat Left) An open wood flute of hard, horny timbre.
(Salzburg Cathedral: Mauracher 1883)HORN COPERTO (Aerial: Great) A HORN (q.v.) with stopped pipes. (New)
HORN FLUTE (Belvedere: Recit) A large-scale open wood flute with a broad, rather horny tone.
(Hornflöte: St. Michael, Hamburg: Walcker 1912)HORN MUTO (Aerial: Great) A HORN (q.v.) of gentle, muted tone. (New)
HURDY-GURDY (Atrium: Positive Right) A two-rank string register with an edgy, rich sound evoking the eponymous medieval instrument. (New)